κ-δ Pareto Front of Two-Coil Wireless Power Transfer Systems for Electric Vehicles with Buried and Flush Ground Primary Side Mounting

Flush ground and buried primary sides are a blank space in the latest SAE J2954. This paper contributes to the investigation on the maximum achievable coupling coefficient κ of the secondary sides in a common single primary single secondary side coil arrangement. By introducing a κ-δ Pareto Front, it is shown that for flush ground and buried primary sides remarkable degradation cannot be avoided ultimately leading to additional losses in the overall system operation.